We report new results from CDF~II on single diffractive dijet and W/Z production, and on exclusive production of dijet, diphoton, and dilepton production in $\bar pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=1.96$~TeV at the Fermilab Tevatron. The results are compared with theoretical expectations, and the measured exclusive dijet and diphoton cross sections are used to test theoretical predictions for exclusive Higgs boson production at the Large Hadron Collider.